Boris Johnson will travel to Luxembourg on Monday in the latest round of talks between the EU and the UK to find a way that will lead to a Brexit deal. Here’s what he can expect.
Is Boris Johnson closing in on a Brexit deal?
No, but there is at least a sense of where a potential solution might lie – with something that looks a bit like the Northern Ireland-only backstop, rejected by Theresa May and the Democratic Unionist party (DUP).
Boris Johnson has repeatedly mentioned the idea of an all-Ireland zone for agri-foods, citing Ian Paisley’s remark that “our people may be British but our cows are Irish”. That could result in Northern Ireland abiding by EU rules on agriculture, preventing the need for border checks.
But Dublin has pointed out that this only deals with 30% of the challenge, and border checks of some kind would still be necessary if the UK wants to diverge from EU rules and tariffs in other areas. That’s why the Northern Ireland-only backstop, which would mean regulatory alignment with the EU in other areas, is being talked about again.
Speaking earlier this week, Johnson rejected the idea, saying: “I’ve seen a bit of chatter about this, stuff in the media … we will not accept a Northern Ireland-only backstop. That simply doesn’t work for the UK. We’ve got to come out whole and entire and solve the problems of the Northern Irish border, and I’m absolutely certain that we can do that. But we’re working very, very hard, flat out, to do that.”
Is the DUP softening on a Northern Ireland-only backstop?
Publicly they continue to insist they are not softening and a Times story on Friday hinting at a shift in the DUP’s thinking was rejected by the DUP’s leader, Arlene Foster, who echoed Johnson’s language, saying the UK must “leave as one nation”.
But there is no doubt that the government is putting a lot of effort into finding some combination of regulatory alignment, checks away from the border – at ports and airports – and democratic consent to satisfy all sides.
Why are the Brexiters [still] so exercised about the backstop?
For Johnson and the Vote Leave veterans, with whom he has packed Downing Street, Brexit is only worth doing if the UK can “diverge” from the EU by setting its own rules. That’s why they want a Canada-style, free-trade deal with the EU27, instead of the closer and more complex relationship May was proposing.
While they initially signed off on the December 2017 joint framework that contained the backstop, Johnson, Gove and others came to see it as tying the entire UK into the EU’s regulatory orbit indefinitely. Their test for any new deal will be whether it allows the divergence that they regard as the reason for the whole project in the first place.
But that will be exceedingly difficult to reconcile with the DUP’s insistence that there must be no barriers for businesses in Northern Ireland accessing markets in the rest of the UK.
Could Johnson just cut the DUP adrift?
Theresa May patched together a majority in the aftermath of the 2017 general election by striking a confidence-and-supply agreement with the DUP – helped by an extra £1bn in public funding for Northern Ireland.
There is an argument doing the rounds in Westminster that since Johnson now has no majority anyway, as has been clearly shown by a string of Commons defeats, and with the confidence-and-supply arrangement up for renewal before the Queen’s speech next month, 10 MPs either way will not make a difference.
But the numbers in the Commons still look extremely tight for Johnson if he does bring an agreement back next month. And the DUP’s approval would be a strong signal to the Spartans – the most ardent Brexiters who rejected May’s deal three times – that a deal was acceptable.