Nasa to open moon rock samples sealed after Apollo missions 50 years ago

Nasa is to open some pristine samples of moon rocks and dirt which have been locked up for decades after being collected by the Apollo astronauts.

Hundreds of pounds of rock taken from the surface are stored at Johnson Space Centre in Houston, and lab workers are preparing to hand over some of the samples to scientists for study.

Nine US research teams will get a chance to examine the lunar treasures – brought back between 1969 and 1972 – over the next year.

Next month marks the 50th anniversary of the first Apollo moon landing, but sample curator Ryan Zeigler says the timing is accidental.

“It’s sort of a coincidence that we’re opening them in the year of the anniversary,” he said. “But certainly the anniversary increased the awareness and the fact that we’re going back to the moon.”

With the golden anniversary of Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin’s feat approaching, the moon is in vogue again. After decades of focusing on Mars as a possible manned mission destination, Nasa aims to put astronauts on the lunar surface again by 2024.

Donald Trump prefers the idea of a trip to Mars. “Nasa should NOT be talking about going to the Moon – We did that 50 years ago,” he recently tweeted. Yet the consensus is that the moon still offers the chance for crucial scientific research given its relative proximity to home.

Lunar rocks and dirt totalling 842lbs will be carefully removed from the archives and the best samples will be sent to approved scientists to help to advance Nasa’s understanding of the Moon.

The Houston lab’s staff are trying to figure out how best to remove the samples without contaminating or spoiling anything. They are currently practising with mock-up equipment and pretend lunar dirt.

Some of the soil and rock samples have never been exposed to Earth’s atmosphere, having been vacuum-packed on the moon then frozen or stored in gaseous helium on returning to Earth, and left untouched.

Compared with Apollo-era tech, today’s science instruments are much more sensitive, Mr Zeigler noted. “We can do more with a milligram than we could do with a gram back then,” he said.

Of the six manned moon landings, Apollo 11 yielded the fewest lunar samples – only 48lbs. It was the first landing by astronauts and Nasa wanted to minimise their on-the-moon time and risk.

What is left from this mission – about three-quarters after scientific study, public displays and goodwill gifts in 1969 – is kept mostly at room temperature.

The total Apollo inventory now exceeds 100,000 separate samples taken from the moon. Some of the original 2,200 were broken into smaller pieces for study.

Additional reporting by AP