At least 55 elephants have died in a month in Zimbabwe due to a lack of food and water, its wildlife agency said on Monday, as the country faces one of the worst droughts in its history.
More than five million rural Zimbabweans – nearly a third of the population – are at risk of food shortages before the next harvest in 2020, the United Nations has warned.
The shortages have been caused by the combined effects of an economic downturn and a drought blamed on the El Nino weather cycle.
The impact is being felt at Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe’s largest game reserve.
“Since September, we have lost at least 55 elephants in Hwange National Park due to starvation and lack of water,” Zimbabwe National Parks spokesperson Tinashe Farawo told AFP.
Farawo said the park was overpopulated and that food and water was scarce “due to drought”.
Africa’s elephant numbers have dropped from around 415 000 to 111 000 over the past decade, mainly due to poaching for ivory, according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).
But Zimbabwe, like other countries in the southern African region, is struggling with overpopulation.
“Hwange was meant for 15 000 elephants but at the moment we are talking of more than 50 000,” Farawo said.
“The situation is dire. We are desperately waiting for the rains.”
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An adult elephant drinks 680 litres of water per day on average and consumes 450 kilograms of food.
Hungry elephants have been breaking out of Zimbabwe’s game reserves and raiding human settlements in search for food, posing a threat to surrounding communities.
Farawo said 200 people have died in “human-and-animal conflict” in the past five years, and “at least 7 000 hectares of crop have been destroyed by elephants”.
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The authorities took action earlier this year by selling nearly 100 elephants to China and Dubai for $2.7m.
Farawo said the money had been allocated to anti-poaching and conservation projects.
Botswana, Namibia, Zambia and Zimbabwe have called for a global ban on elephant ivory trade to be relaxed in order to cull numbers and ease pressure on their territories.
