Scientists have demonstrated how a live cockroach equipped with a computerised ‘backpack’ could be steered remotely for search and rescue missions.
The backpack, created by a team at Nanyang Technological University in Singapore, is a small computer chip fitted with an infrared camera, carbon dioxide sensor and a temperature/humidity sensor, among other functions.
In lab trials, the team fitted the backpack to a Madagascar hissing cockroach and successfully used it to find humans in a simulated disaster scene.
The cockroach also had electrodes implanted in its cerci – the protruding appendages on its left and right side.
Electrical currents were delivered to the two cerci via the electrodes to induce turning, allowing the scientists to control the direction it moved in.
When the left cercus was stimulated, the insect made a right turn – in a clockwise rotation – and vice versa.
In this way, the scientists can essentially decide which direction the cockroach moves, akin to controlling a rowing boat with oars.
In an impressive scientific feat, researchers from Nanyang Technological University in Singapore have fitted backpacks to a cockroach to dictate the direction of its movement
The cockroach still has control over whether its legs move, however – meaning the scientists don’t dictate whether it starts or stops.
The system can navigate to predetermined destinations and autonomously traverse unknown obstacle-terrain, as well as detect human presence.
According to the team, their technology – what they call an ‘insect-computer hybrid system’, or cyborg insect – is something of a first step towards fully robotic systems of a similar size to a cockroach.
‘There is still a long way to go before artificial mini robots are really used for search and rescue missions in disaster-hit areas,’ the experts say in their paper.
‘[This is] due to hindrance in power consumption, computation load of the locomotion and obstacle-avoidance system.
‘Insect-computer hybrid system, which is the fusion of living insect platform and microcontroller, emerges as an alternative solution.’
The computer chip backpacks include an infrared camera, carbon dioxide sensor and a temperature/humidity sensor, among other functions
Four electrodes in total are implanted into the insect’s cerci and third abdominal segment (right). The implants are then secured with beeswax (left). Researchers say: ‘Electrical stimulation is released by the backpack to the insects via these wires to control its locomotion’
In a search and rescue mission, such as a collapsed building, fast pinpointing of victims trapped in the wreckage is crucial to maximise their chance of survival.
But the locations of the trapped victims are usually inaccessible to humans and can take several precious hours to determine.
Currently, bulky equipment such as electronic cameras and seismic sensors are used to search through rubble, as well as sniffer dogs.
Mini robots with dimensions of four inches (10cm) or less potentially have an advantage over such methods in increasing search efficiency by crawling through tight gaps.
Cockroaches are also famously resilient and hard to kill with force – meaning they’d stand a good chance among the compact rubble.
Researchers hope the cockroaches could help with the fast pinpointing of victims of structural collapse (stock image)
Electrical currents can be delivered to the two cerci via the electrodes to induce turning, allowing the scientists to control the direction they move in. When the left cercus was stimulated, the insect made a right turn – in a clockwise rotation – and vice versa
The research team say their cockroach fitted with its backpack had a 94 per cent success rate while finding humans in lab situations with tall obstacles, while high-accuracy human presence detection using infrared camera was also achieved.
It could also operate for up to 2.2 hours using a 120 mAh battery, suitable for a practical urban search and rescue (USAR) mission.
Researchers say they will adopt the technology for assisting USAR missions in disaster-hit areas in the near future.
The team’s research paper, entitled, ‘Insect-Computer Hybrid System for Autonomous Search and Rescue Mission‘, has been published as a pre-print.
Researchers at North Carolina State University have already worked with cockroaches fitted with backpacks that locate the sources of sound in emergency situations.
The researchers also developed technology that can be used as an ‘invisible fence’ to keep the biobots in the disaster area.
