Science

Climate change impacts are growing warns UN report


The World Meteorological Organisation (WMO) says that the effects of global warming are accelerating.

Record sea level rises, devastating floods, storms, heatwaves and wildfires were recorded as climate change impacts included in a new UN report, released today.

The WMO’s state of the climate 2018 report gives a damning account of record greenhouse gases drive global temperatures to increasingly dangerous levels. 

Increases in carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is at new highs, sea levels are rising at a faster rate as ice sheets melt, heating of oceans and the world’s glaciers in retreat.

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The world is seeing record sea level rises and devastating floods, storms, heatwaves and wildfires as climate change impacts grow, a UN report has said. This file photo shows the Rim Fire in the Stanislaus National Forest near in California began on Aug. 17, 2013

The world is seeing record sea level rises and devastating floods, storms, heatwaves and wildfires as climate change impacts grow, a UN report has said. This file photo shows the Rim Fire in the Stanislaus National Forest near in California began on Aug. 17, 2013

UN secretary general Antonio Guterres urged that ‘there is no longer any time for delay’ on tackling climate change.

Last year most of the natural hazards that affected nearly 62 million people were linked to extreme weather and climate events, said the annual report.

Impacts have already been seen this year, with Tropical Cyclone Idai wreaking devastation in south-east Africa.

WMO secretary general Doctor Petteri Taalas said Idai ‘may turn out to be one of the deadliest weather-related disasters to hit the southern hemisphere’. 

There has also been record warm winter temperatures in Europe, unusual cold in North America and searing heatwaves in Australia.

In 2018, about 35 million people worldwide were hit by flooding and there were 14 ‘billion-dollar disasters’ in the US, including Hurricane Florence and Michael.

These catastrophic global warming which caused 49 billion dollars (£37 billion) of damage and more than 100 deaths.

Super Typhoon Mangkhut affected 2.4 million people and killed at least 134, mainly in the Philippines.

More than 1,600 deaths were associated with intense heatwaves and wildfires in Europe, Japan and the US, while Kerala in India suffered the heaviest rainfall and worst flooding in nearly a century.

Droughts, floods and storms had displaced more than two million people worldwide by September.

The physical signs of climate change and the impacts on people are accelerating as record greenhouse gas concentrations drive global temperatures to increasingly dangerous levels, the report said (stock image)

The physical signs of climate change and the impacts on people are accelerating as record greenhouse gas concentrations drive global temperatures to increasingly dangerous levels, the report said (stock image)

Growing numbers of people are going hungry as climate extremes such as drought threaten to reverse gains in ending malnutrition.

The indicators of climate change continue to grow, according to the report, which showed upper ocean heat broke new records in data going back to 1955, as the seas absorb more energy trapped by greenhouse gases.

Sea level rises are accelerating, with the global average 3.7mm higher in 2018 than in 2017, with melting ice from the ice sheets the main cause of the increase.

The oceans are becoming increasingly acidic as they absorb more carbon dioxide, while Arctic ice cover was well below average throughout 2018, the report said.

Professor Jonathan Bamber, director of the Bristol Glaciology Centre, University of Bristol, said: ‘Accelerating sea level rise due to climate change is now clearly identifiable from the satellite record covering the last 25 years.

‘If this trend continues, then sea level rise could reach 65cm by 2100, creating an existential threat to small island nation states and displacing many millions of people.’

Dr Sally Brown, research fellow, University of Southampton, said: ‘This report highlights the increase in the rate of sea level rise and this is a real concern for those living in low-lying coastal areas, for both developed and developing countries.

‘We know that sea level rise is a global problem that will not go away and efforts need to be made to help those who are really vulnerable to adapt to sea level rise or move to safer areas.’

WHAT IS THE PARIS AGREEMENT? 

The Paris Agreement, which was first signed in 2015, is an international agreement to control and limit climate change.

It hopes to hold the increase in the global average temperature to below 2°C (3.6ºF) ‘and to pursue efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5°C (2.7°F)’.

It seems the more ambitious goal of restricting global warming to 1.5°C (2.7°F) may be more important than ever, according to previous research which claims 25 per cent of the world could see a significant increase in drier conditions.

In June 2017, President Trump announced his intention for the US, the second largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world, to withdraw from the agreement.  

The Paris Agreement on Climate Change has four main goals with regards to reducing emissions:

1)  A long-term goal of keeping the increase in global average temperature to well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels

2) To aim to limit the increase to 1.5°C, since this would significantly reduce risks and the impacts of climate change

3) Goverments agreed on the need for global emissions to peak as soon as possible, recognising that this will take longer for developing countries

4) To undertake rapid reductions thereafter in accordance with the best available science

Source: European Commission 

 



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